This report’s analysis of Kenya’s identification ecosystem provides an overview of the main identification systems used to manage development, and an in-depth exploration of three that are vital to
Kenyans’ participation in political and economic life1.
It builds on existing work such as the World Bank’s
Diagnostic Report (2016) and investigations by international and domestic civil society
organisations. However, it goes further by exploring how Kenya’s identification systems are connected through the interests of influential actors and institutions, and by assessing the risks and vulnerabilities faced by their users
Explore latest publications

Integration without Identification? ID System Challenges for Refugees and Migrants in Kenya
By Caribou Digital
Digital Identity, Refugees and Forced Migration
Integration without Identification? ID System Challenges for Refugees and Migrants in Kenya
Digital Identity, Refugees and Forced Migration
Research Report
By Caribou Digital
April 29, 2025
By Caribou Digital

Identification Requirements in European Migration Policy
By Caribou Digital
Digital Identity
Identification Requirements in European Migration Policy
Digital Identity
Research Report
By Caribou Digital
April 07, 2025
By Caribou Digital

Preparing for AI in the BPO and ITES Sector in Africa
By Caribou Digital,
Genesis Analytics
Genesis Analytics
Artificial Intelligence, Future of Work
Preparing for AI in the BPO and ITES Sector in Africa
Artificial Intelligence, Future of Work
Research Report
By Caribou Digital, Genesis Analytics
March 25, 2025
By Caribou Digital,
Genesis Analytics
Genesis Analytics
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